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Examination Details

Duration	One Day
Skill Level Required	None
Brief Description	The delegate will be able to describe the basic causes of emulsion formation and the methods used to break them and also the reverse emulsions and the methods used to destabilize them using a range of equipment and chemicals.

Course Objectives

At the end of the course delegates,

Should be able to:

Describe the types of emulsion found in oilfields Describe the causes of emulsion formation, the effects that stabilize them and the methods used to break them Describe briefly heater treaters Describe the condition monitoring required to optimize the operation of the plant and equipment Describe oil in water emulsions; explain the conditions and contaminants that affect the stability of the emulsion and the methods used to destabilize it Describe the type of equipment used to destabilize emulsions Describe oil-in-water emulsions formed in effluent streams, their stability and methods of destabilizing them Describe the equipment used to destabilize emulsions using floatation, inorganic coagulants, and effluent treatment chemicals Follow the methods used to determine the type and dosage of chemicals to provide effective demulsification and flocculation.

Course Standards

Aim Objective Other criteria

Method of Assessment

Continuous Assessment Theory Test Practical Test Assessment Via Examination

Topics

Oilfield emulsions, stable emulsions, oil in water and water in oil emulsions. Causes of emulsion formation, dispersed and continuous phases, emulsifiers and agitation. Effects of viscosity, specific gravity, droplet size and age on emulsion stability Emulsion breaking, heating and chemical treatment Brief description of heater treaters Checks required to optimize the operation of the plant and equipment Types of emulsions, normal and reverse emulsions Emulsion stability and effects of natural surfactants, asphaltenes and resins, paraffin wax and inorganic fines (silt, clays, scale) Stabilising effects of surfactants and solids, Effects of electrostatic repulsion, stearic stabilization, solids stabilisation and interfacial rigidity Emulsion instability and demulsification, flocculation, creaming, coalescence and emulsion breaking Emulsion destabilization, increased temperature, centrifuging, electrical methods, and chemical treatment Demulsifiers, flocculators, alkylphenol ethoxylate resins, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, wetting agents, sulphonates, and amine ethoxylates Selection of demulsifiers Dehydration plant, wash tanks, heater treaters and chemelectric units as installed on Chirag platform and Sangachal terminal. Refinery desalting Effluent water treatment Stability of oil emulsions Destabilizing emulsions, flocculation of oil droplets), polyelectrolytes Inorganic coagulants Selection of effluent treatment chemicals Effluent treatment plant; API and plate separators, floatation units, filters, coalescers, activated carbon filters, hydrocyclones, centrifuges and biological units as installed on the Chirag platform and Sangachal terminal. Demusifier bottle test for water-in-oil Demusifier bottle test for oil-in-water Flocculant test

Type of Certificate

OCS Satisfactorily Completed External OCS Certificate of Attendance / Achievement

NB:

An OCS certificate of attendance will be issued if the method of assessment is limited to self-assessment Where a delegate fails to meet the formal assessment criteria, an attendance certificate will be awarded and the case discussed with the customer 1 and 2 days course will need to be combined together totaling a minimum of 3 days